How to Create and Use Properties and Methods in C#
C# is designed as a powerful object-oriented programming language built for creating robust, scalable, and maintainable applications. At the heart of its design are properties and methods, which are the foundation of encapsulation and functionality in classes. This blog post will discuss what properties and methods are, how to create them, and how best to apply them.
Understanding Properties
Properties in C# provide a way of encapsulating data within a class through defining getters and setters. It is possible to have controlled access to a private field by allowing for validation and logic on retrieving or updating values.Property Structure
A property in C# typically has one or both of the following:1. A private field that contains the data.
2. A public property consisting of a get accessor to get the value and a set accessor to assign a value.
Example: Defining and Using Properties
using System;
class Person
{
// Private field
private string name;
// Public property
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
name = value;
else
throw new ArgumentException(\"Name cannot be null or empty.\");
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Person person = new Person();
// Using the property to set a value
person.Name = "John Doe";
}
// Using the property to get a value
Console.WriteLine(person.Name); // Output: John Doe
}
}
In this code:
The Name property encapsulates access to the private name field.
The set accessor contains validation to guarantee that the value is not empty.
Methods
For scenarios without extra logic, C# supports auto-implemented properties: csharp
public class Product
{
public string ProductName { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
}
public class Program
{
static void Main()
{
END
Product product = new Product
{
ProductName = "Laptop",
Price = 1500.00m
};
Console.WriteLine($"Product: {product.ProductName}, Price: {product.Price}");
}
Understanding Methods
Methods in C# represent the actions a class can perform. They are blocks of code with parameters, logic implementation, and possibly returned values.Creating a Method
A method usually contains the following:
1. Access modifier (for example, public or private).
2. Return type - if it does not return any value, using void keyword.
3. Its name-describing what it does.
4. Parameter list and method body (but it is optional).
Example: Creating and Using Methods
class Calculator
// Method to add two numbers
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
// Method to subtract two numbers
public int Subtract(int a, int b)
return a - b;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Calculator calc = new Calculator();
int sum = calc.Add(10, 5);
int difference = calc.Subtract(10, 5);
Console.WriteLine($"Sum: {sum}");
// Output: Sum: 15
Console.WriteLine($"Difference: {difference}"); // Output: Difference: 5
}
}
Properties and Methods
Properties and methods are usually combined to make classes fully functional. For example:
class BankAccount
// Private fields
private decimal balance;
// Public property
public decimal Balance
{
get { return balance; }
private set { balance = value; }
}
// Constructor
public BankAccount(decimal initialBalance)
{
if (initialBalance < 0)
throw new ArgumentException("Initial balance cannot be negative.");
Balance = initialBalance;
}
// Method to deposit money
public void Deposit(decimal amount)
{
if (amount <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("Deposit amount must be positive.");
Balance += amount;
}
// Method to withdraw money
public void Withdraw(decimal amount)
{
if (amount > Balance)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Insufficient funds.");
<<<<EndDate
Balance -= amount;
}
END
static void Main()
{
BankAccount account = new BankAccount(1000);
account.Deposit(500);
account.Withdraw(200);
Console.WriteLine($"Final Balance: {account.Balance}"); // Output: Final Balance: 1300
}
}
This example
It guarantees that the balance can be changed only by methods Deposit and Withdraw.
Business logic such as validation is also encapsulated within the methods.
Balancing Imbalances in Solutions
Properties and Methods: Best Practices
1. Use enclose fields: use private fields while exposing them using properties; this maintains control over data access and validation.
2. Be consistent: maintain a clear naming convention for your methods and properties, such as PascalCase for public members.
3. Prefer auto-implemented properties whenever it seems to reduce code where no additional logic is really needed.
4. Promote methods to be focused: Methods should accomplish only one task well and can thus be easily maintained and tested.
5. Apply access modifiers wisely: Limit the properties and methods that shall not be exposed to public
Conclusion
Properties and methods in C# can be looked at as quite useful tools for making well-structured, reusable, and maintainable code. It is therefore pretty vital to know how one creates and uses these, with the help of which you build strong applications that abide by the principles of object-oriented programming; whether managing data through properties or defining behavior through methods.More Details for programming knowledge link :
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